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Sample excerpt: annotation logic
An annotation should not simply repeat the article abstract. A stronger entry first identifies the source’s central argument or finding, then explains why the source is credible and useful for the assignment’s research focus.
The relevance sentence is especially important. It should explain how the source will support, complicate, or frame the final paper. This prevents the bibliography from becoming a detached list of summaries.
A balanced annotation may also note limitations. For example, the source may be current and credible but narrow in population, method, or context. Naming this limitation improves academic judgement.
Structure notes
- Reference entry appears before the annotation.
- Annotation separates summary, evaluation, and relevance.
- Limitations are acknowledged where useful.
Citation-style notes
- APA 7 reference formatting is central to the task.
- Hanging-indent formatting would be applied in the final document.
- Each annotation would match the exact source used.

